I'll see what I can contribute to the questions...
Most people don't run power valves right now because that requires an aftermarket engine and they are pretty pricey compared to a stock engine. If you're familiar with cars, a power valve is like the two stroke version of Honda's VTEC.
There's been good talk about strokers but I think the initial starting knowledge that is needed is missing (as it makes perfect sense once known). A stock stroke 701 engine is 68mm. That is the measurement from the top of the piston stroke to the bottom of the piston stroke. A 4mm stroker would be 72mm. A stock kawi 750 engine has a stroke of 74mm so a 4mm stroker on that engine would be 78mm. The stroke between two different engines may not give any real correlation but increased stroke on the same engine generally gives more torque and therefore more power.
A sleeve is what you see when you look into your engines cylinder. Re-sleeving is typically done because the current has been damaged beyond repair. Some will resleeve for what's called a "big bore sleeve". That basically requires boring the cylinder after sleeve removal so that a larger aftermarket sleeve can be installed into an otherwise stock engine for more displacement and more power.
The purpose of reeds is control air flow into the engine. I can't explain that very well put if you search on google for "how do 2 strokes work", you should be able to find pictures and videos of how the reeds play a part.
If done properly, porting a stock engine shouldn't produce any real noticeable stress on the engine. Not all porting is created equal though, some produce low rpm power, others produce high rpm power, and some just destroy engines if done by someone who doesn't know what they're doing. It will give you some extra power though so it's worth looking into.