Briefly,
In short buddy, signal is the amount of air the carb is able to read.
Small carbs have lots of air speed, this is great as lots of air speed creates lots of pressure variations.
Pressure variations is what a carb uses to meter fuel delivery.
This results in a good signal strength.
A carb with a good signal strength will be easier to tune and require less fine tuning due to changing climates and altitudes, this is because it can see such a wide veriety of changes of air pressure.
However they cannot flow massive volumes of air for big power on big displacment motors.
A large carb is quite the opposite.
Due to its large bore size the volume of air it can flow will be much greater but in turn the air speed through the carb is reduced.
This reduction in air speed results in less noticeable pressure changes hence its more difficult for the carb to read whats going, on so is said to have a weak signal.
Due to their weaker signal strength they can be harder to tune and require more frequent adjustments to climate and altitude changes.
Think of it as a viewing angle.
Imagine the carbs have eyes, they need to see airflow in order to meter fuel delivery.
Say a small carb with good signal can see 170 degrees of viewing angle, so sees lots of air and can meter fueling over a wide range of conditions.
A large carb with a weaker signal can only see 90 degrees of viewing angle so therefore they have to be tuned finer to get the same results.
Dont think that big carbs are no good, they are if set up correctly and kept in tune.
I use a pair of 48mm powerbombs on my freestyle boat with no problems.
I hope this clears a few things up, i recomend you read a copy of the Mikuni carb manual, its a good guide and easy to understand for people wanting to know more about how their carbs work.